Some Characteristics Of Cryogenic Gases

Cryogenic gases or cryogens are gases that are maintained at a temperature of less than -150 degrees Celsius or 123 K. At these temperatures virtually all the gases have liquefied. There are 3 main types of cryogenic liquids. They include inert gases, flammable liquids and oxygen. The inert liquids are those that do not usually react. They include nitrogen, neon, krypton, helium and argon. The highly flammable types burn easily in air. An example is natural gas.

There are numerous uses for cryogens. In medicine, they are used in the field of cryosurgery in the reduction of malignant cells. They help to preserve human tissues for future use. Some reactions generate a lot of heat and the cryogens are used in the cooling process. For instance, the manufacture of drugs such as statins relies heavily on the use of the cryogens.

There are a number of health hazards that are associated with the use of cryogens. When one is exposed to the cryogens or the handling equipment they may suffer tissue injury caused by the very low temperatures. The pattern of injuries is like that of caused by thermal energy and the affected skin takes on a waxy yellow appearance. Mucosal surfaces are at the highest risk.

The other major risk is asphyxiation. This is caused by displacement of ordinary air from the ground as the cooling cryogens expand. Consequently, the amount of oxygen in the ordinary air is reduced and respiration is compromised. The destruction of the lungs by the cryogens makes the situation worse. The risk for asphyxiation is particularly high in enclosed spaces.

Rapid expansion of the highly flammable gases may cause an explosion. Methane, hydrogen and carbon monoxide are some of the examples. Hydrogen mixes with air at different concentration forming an easily ignitable mixture. Liquid oxygen on the other hand can cause the combustion of materials considered non-combustible such as stainless steel, cast iron and carbon. When materials are soaked in the liquid they remain flammable for hours.

Due to the many associated risks, one needs to take precautions. Proper thermal insulation prevents ignition. The insulation should be done to the containers and the pipes that are used in the delivery of the cryogens. Special flasks that are non-pressurised are available in the market. They have a loosely fitting cap that allows for the escape of excess pressure but keeps moisture out of the vessel.

It is important that put on personal protective clothing at all times. The clothes must also be maintained clean and dry at all times. They should be well-fitting and cover arms and legs. If the material penetrates your gloves, remove them as soon as possible. For protection of the eyes and the face, googles or a facial shield should be used.

Cryogenic gases have a wide range of applications. They are, however, very dangerous if not properly handled. Understanding the precautions required is very important. Ensure that you always read the instructions on how to use them. If anything is unclear, make sure that you consult.

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Some Characteristics Of Cryogenic Gases



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